Cite My Sources

Welcome to Citation Maker

To get started, click on the resource you want to cite from the Source Type column on the right (or from the drop-down menu if using a mobile device).

If you need help, click on the Citation Maker instructions, which are also found at the bottom of every template.

If you cannot open a template in the Source Type column or menu, please clear your computer’s cache.

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Book or Encyclopedia, E-book, Audiobook

Use this template to cite an entire book, pamphlet, or report. Also, use this template to cite part of a book or encyclopedia, such as an article, chapter, essay, play, poem, or short story. This applies to all formats: print, audio, online, or e-book.

Example – e-book, downloaded to a device

Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. E-book, HarperCollins, 2014.

Example – book, 3 authors, edition

Reilly, Mary Jo, et al. Mexico. 3rd ed., Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2012.

Example – poem in a book, 1 author

Medina, Pablo. "The Secret." Cool Salsa: Bilingual Poems on Growing Up Latino in the United States, Holt, 1994, p. 48.

Example – article in an encyclopedia, library database, no author, 2 editors, no pages listed

"Eating Disorders." UXL Encyclopedia of Science, edited by Amy Hackney Blackwell and Elizabeth Manar, 3rd ed., UXL, 2015. Student Resources in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644300374/SUIC?u=port&xid=6c46c891.

(See more examples)

Set Authors

Author:(How to credit authors and other contributors)

(List the person or group primarily responsible for creating the source. This is usually an author but may be an organization, editor, or translator.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

(Only list the first author.)

(Go to the next field.)

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing a/an:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

Set Contributors

Other Contributors:(How to credit authors and other contributors)

(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author field.)

Are there any other contributors?

Edited by

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: . et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Translated by

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: . et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Narrated by

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first person.)

(Go to the next field.)

Version (Edition, if there is one, including e-books): ,

(Ex: 2nd ed., Rev. ed., Expanded ed., Updated ed., King James Version, Audiobook, E-book)
(For an e-book or audiobook, do not include “ed.” at the end. If you know the e-book type, specify that instead. Ex: Kindle ed. For an e-book that also has an edition statement, include both. Ex: 3rd ed., e-book)

Number (Volume number, if there is one): Vol. ,

(If you are crediting one volume of a multi-volume set, indicate the number used. Otherwise, leave blank.)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(Type publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited.)

Publication Date (Year, if there is one): ,

Location (Page numbers, if available): p. .

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your work, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Academic Search Premier or ERIC or JSTOR or Opposing Viewpoints in Context)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

(Ex: poem by William Stafford on www.williamstafford.org)

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://. If an e-book or audiobook was downloaded directly to a device, a URL is not needed.)

(Ex: Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain on www.gutenberg.org)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Web Site): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://. If an e-book or audiobook was downloaded directly to a device, a URL is not needed.)

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Periodical Article
(Journal, Magazine, Newspaper)

Example – newspaper article, print, local (not national), city not already in newspaper’s name

Theen, Andrew. "Oregon’s Newest College Offers a Path to Unconventional Education." The Oregonian [Portland], 17 Aug. 2016, pp. A8-A9.

Example – magazine article, Internet

Mason, Betsy. "Lunar Probe Sends First High-Res Images." Wired, 2 July 2009, www.wired.com/wiredscience /2009/07/Iroimages/.

Example – journal article, Internet, 3 authors, with DOI instead of URL

Hubbard, Ruth E., et al. "Effect of Parental Age at Birth on Accumulation of Deficits, Frailty and Survival in Older Adults." Age and Ageing, vol. 38, no. 4, July 2009, pp. 380-385, doi:10.1093/ageing/afp035.

Example – journal article, library database, non-consecutive page numbers

Nierengarten, Mary Beth. "Dying to Be Thin: Body Image and Disordered Eating." Contemporary Pediatrics, vol. 32, no. 9, Sept. 2015, pp. 31+. Student Resources in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A435793205/SUIC?u=port&xid=ae8524c7.

(See more examples)

Set Authors (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Author:

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first author.)

(Go to the next field.)

Set Title (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title:

I am citing a:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

City: [],

(Add city name for local newspapers when city is not included in title)
(Ex: The Oregonian [Portland])

Version (Edition, if there is one): ,

(Ex: national ed., sunrise ed., South Jersey ed.)

Number (Volume or issue number, if there is one): vol. ,

no. ,

(Journals may have both a volume and issue number or just an issue number.)

Publication Date: Day: Month: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source.)

Location (Page numbers, if available): p. .

(If the article’s page numbers are not consecutive, only list the first page and a plus sign. Ex: 37+)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your work, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Academic Search Premier or ERIC or JSTOR or Opposing Viewpoints in Context)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): .

(If the article includes a digital object identifier, or DOI, use it instead of a URL. Add doi: to the beginning of the number. Ex: doi:10.1093/ageing/afp035. For URLs, do not include http://.)

(Ex: article from Journal of the American Medical Association, or JAMA, on www.jamanetwork.com)

(Ex: article in Time magazine on www.time.com)

(Ex: article in The New York Times newspaper on www.nyt.com)

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): .

(If the article includes a digital object identifier, or DOI, use it instead of a URL. Add doi: to the beginning of the number. Ex: doi:10.1093/ageing/afp035. For URLs, do not include http://.)

(Ex: article from the journal, Animal Nutrition, on www.sciencedirect.com)

(Ex: Time magazine article posted with permission on an organization's Web site)

(Ex: The New York Times newspaper article posted with permission on an organization's Web site)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Web Site): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): .

(If the article includes a digital object identifier, or DOI, use it instead of a URL. Add doi: to the beginning of the number. Ex: doi:10.1093/ageing/afp035. For URLs, do not include http://.)

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Web Site Article or Blog

Use this template for Web site articles and blogs. If you found another type of source online, use the appropriate template. For example, for a journal, magazine, or newspaper article that is in a database or on a Web site, use the Periodical Article template. For an e-book in a database or on a Web site, use the Book template. For a video clip that you watched online, use the Video Recording template, etc.

Example – entire Web site, author same as publisher

"Crater Lake." National Park Service, 2016, www.nps.gov/crla/.

Example – page on a Web site, different author and publisher, Web site title same as publisher

Forsha, Emily. "7 Wonders of Oregon: Crater Lake." Travel Oregon, 28 Sept. 2015, www.traveloregon.com/trip-ideas/oregon-stories/7-wonders-of-oregon-crater-lake/.

Example – blog on a Web site; different author, Web site, and publisher

Scharping, Nathaniel. "Fish Fins and Fingers: A Surprising Cellular Connection." D-brief, Discover, 17 Aug. 2016, blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2016/08/17/fish-fins-fingers-connection.

Set Authors

Author: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(List who is primarily responsible for creating the source. This is usually a person but may be a group or organization.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first author.)

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

Online Username/Pseudonym: .

(Include real name in parentheses, if known. Ex: @jmittel (Jason Mittel))

(Go to the next field.)

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing a/an:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(Enter publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited. If the Web site title is essentially the same as the publisher’s name, leave Publisher blank.)If the blog title is essentially the same as the publisher’s name, leave Publisher blank.)

Set Publication Date

Publication Date:

Could you determine a date that the Web site was created, published, or updated?

Date: Day: Month: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2016 or Apr. 2016 or 2016)

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

(Record the timestamp, if there is one.)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Year: .

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

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Video Recording

Example – film, viewed on DVD (or on television or in a theater)

Super Size Me. Directed by Morgan Spurlock, Showtime Independent Films, 2004.

Example – film, viewed on Hulu

The Paper Chase. Directed by James Bridges, performance by Timothy Bottoms and John Houseman, Twentieth Century Fox, 1973. Hulu, www.hulu.com/the-paper-chase.

Example – episode of television program, viewed on publisher’s own Web site

"Inside Einstein’s Mind." Nova, PBS, 25 Nov. 2015, www.pbs.org/video/2365615918/.

Example – episode of video podcast series, viewed on YouTube, includes date of creation and date of upload

"Stephen Hawking: Questioning the Universe." TED Talks, Feb. 2008. YouTube, uploaded by TED, 4 Apr. 2008, www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjBIsp8mS-c.

Set Authors

Author (Contributor):(How to credit authors and other contributors)

Is your focus on the contribution of one individual or on the recording as a whole?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Contributor’s Role: .

.
(Enter one noun to describe the contributor‘s role. Ex.: illustrator)

(If there is no author, move on to the title field.)

Set Title

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing a/an:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

Set Contributors

Other Contributors: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author/Contributor field.)

Are there any other contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of illustrator would be listed as illustrated.)

Contributor's Role:

Version (Edition, if there is one): ,

(Ex: director’s cut; Ex: uncut version)

Number ,

(Use this to identify the episode, season, or series number, when that is relevant and known. Enter the descriptor and the number. If there are multiple descriptors, separate each with a comma.)
(Ex: season 3; Ex: season 7, episode 135)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the video. Do not include online hosting sites like YouTube or Hulu. Type the publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: Twentieth Century Fox or HBO)

Publication Date: Day: Month: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 3 Mar. 2016 or Mar. 2016 or 2016)

Location: .

(Most often, this is used to identify the disc number of a DVD set when that is relevant and known. Enter the descriptor and the number. If there are multiple descriptors, separate each with a comma.)
(Ex: disc 3; Ex: set 1, disc 4)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your work, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Academic Search Premier or Student Resources in Context)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

(Ex: video by Beyoncé on www.beyonce.com)

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

(Ex: video by Beyoncé on www.youtube.com)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Web Site): ,

Set other contributors Other Contributors (Person or Group Who Uploaded the Video): (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(If the uploader is a group or goes by an online username, use the Last Name field and leave the other two fields blank. If the uploader is not known, leave this field blank.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Publication Date Publication Date:

Could you determine a date that the video was uploaded?

Date Uploaded: Day: Month: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2016 or Apr. 2016 or 2016)

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

(Record the timestamp, if there is one.)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Year: .

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

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Audio Recording

(For audiobooks, use the Book template.)

Example – song on an album, listened to on artist’s own Web site, performer as author

Beyoncé. "Sandcastles." Lemonade, Parkwood Entertainment, 2016, www.beyonce.com/album/lemonade-visual-album/?media_view=songs.

Example – song on an album, listened to on Spotify

Morris, Rae. "Skin." Cold, Atlantic Records, 2014. Spotify, open.spotify.com/track/0OPES3Tw5r86O6fudK8gxi.

Example – album, listened to on a CD, composer as author, with featured artists

Mozart, Wolfgang A. Cosi Fan Tutte. Performance by David Randall and Philippe Huttenlocher, RCA, 1978.

Example – speech, listened to on a Web site

King, Martin Luther, Jr. "I Have a Dream." American Rhetoric, 28 Aug. 1963, www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm.

(See more examples)

Set Authors

Author (Primary Author or Artist): (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(You decide who to feature as the primary artist, based on how this source relates to your research. This is usually a writer, composer, or performer.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one noun to describe the contributor’s role. Ex.: illustrator)

Primary Author/Artist’s Role:

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing a/an:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

Set Other Contributors

Other Contributors: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author/Artist field.)

Are there any other contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of illustrator would be listed as illustrated.)

Contributor's Role:

Version (Edition, if there is one): ,

(Ex: expanded ed.; Ex: uncut version)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the recording. Do not include online hosting sites like YouTube, iTunes, or Spotify. Type the publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: Columbia Records or American Public Media)

Publication Date: Day: Month: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source.)

Location: .

(Most often, this is used to identify the disc number of a CD set when that is relevant and known. Enter the descriptor and the number. If there are multiple descriptors, separate each with a comma.)
(Ex: disc 3; Ex: set 1, disc 4)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your work, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Academic Search Premier or Student Resources in Context)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

(Ex: song by Beyoncé on www.beyonce.com)

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

(Ex: song by Beyoncé on www.spotify.com)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Web Site): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

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Image, Artwork, Photograph, Artifact, Object, Model

Images, artwork, and objects can be experienced in person or seen in a resource such as a book, periodical, database, or Web site.

For citing artwork or objects that you experienced in person, use this template.

For citing images (of artwork or objects) that you saw in a book, periodical, database, or Web site, MLA gives you two options.

MLA says it is usually enough to identify the author and title of the image, artwork, or object in the body of your paper, followed by an in-text citation for the source you found it in. Then only cite that source (not the image) in your works cited list. For that option, use the Book, Periodical Article, or Web Site Article template to create the citation instead of using this template.

The second option is to start a citation with the information about the image, artwork, or object, and then add the information about the container. The container is the resource -- book, periodical, database, and/or Web site -- in which you found the image. For that option, use this template.

If you are unsure which option to choose, ask your teacher.

Example – artifact, untitled (you provide a description), unknown creator, estimated date, viewed in a museum

Covered wagon. Circa 1860, Oregon Historical Society, Portland.

Example – painting, titled, viewed in a museum

Monet, Claude. Garden at Sainte-Adresse. 1867, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Example – painting, titled, viewed in a book, found in a library database

Monet, Claude. Garden at Sainte-Adresse. 1867. Monet, by Christoph Heinrich, Taschen, 2015, p. 21. Gale Virtual Reference Library, www.gale.com/gvrl.

Example – painting, titled, viewed in a book, found on a Web site that is not the painter’s

Monet, Claude. Garden at Sainte-Adresse. 1867. Monet, by Christoph Heinrich, Taschen, 2015, p. 21. Free Art eBooks, www.freeartebooks.org/monet142.

(See more examples)

Set Author

Author (Artist/Creator, if known): (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Title

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Does this image, artwork, or object have a title?

Title of Source (Title of Image, Artwork, or Object): ",

(Provide a brief generic description of the image, artwork, or object. Capitalize the first word and any proper nouns. Ex: Chair of stained oak)

Set Publication Date

Publication Date:

Is the year of creation known?

Publication Date (Year or Time Period Created): [ ].
(Dates can take many forms. Record the date as found on the source. Ex: 2017 or 200? or Circa 1860 or Early fifteenth century)

(Go to the next field.)

Set Location

Location:

Where did you see this?

Institution (Museum, Archive, Building, etc.): ,

City: , (Only identify the city if it is not part of the institution’s name.)

Object Number or Code (if there is one): .

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Book): ,

Set Authors

Author:(How to credit authors and other contributors)

(List the person or group primarily responsible for writing the book. This is usually an author but may be an organization or editor.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

(Only list the first author.)

(Go to the next field.)

Set Edition

Version (Edition, if there is one, including e-books): ,

(Ex: 2nd ed., Rev. ed., Expanded ed., Updated ed., King James Version, Audiobook, E-book)
(For an e-book or audiobook, do not include “ed.” at the end. If you know the e-book type, specify that instead. Ex: Kindle ed. For an e-book that also has an edition statement, include both. Ex: 3rd ed., e-book)

Number (Volume number, if there is one): Vol. ,

(If you are crediting one volume of a multi-volume set, indicate the number used. Otherwise, leave blank.)

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(Type publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited.)

Publication Date (Year, if there is one): ,

Location (Page numbers, if available): p. .

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your work, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Academic Search Premier or ERIC or JSTOR or Opposing Viewpoints in Context)

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly in a book found on www.dalechihuly.com)

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://. If an e-book was downloaded directly to a device, a URL is not needed.)

(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly in a book found on www.gutenberg.org)

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Web Site): ,

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://. If an e-book was downloaded directly to a device, a URL is not needed.)

Container 2

Set Title (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title:

I am citing a:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Set Authors

Author:(How to credit authors and other contributors)

(List the person or group primarily responsible for writing the article. This is usually an author but may be an organization.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

(Only list the first author.)

(Go to the next field.)

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Set location

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

City: [],

(Add city name for local newspapers when city is not included in title)
(Ex: The Oregonian [Portland])

Set Version

Version (Edition, if there is one): ,

(Ex: national ed., sunrise ed., South Jersey ed.)

Number (Volume or issue number, if there is one): vol. ,

no. ,

(Journals may have both a volume and issue number or just an issue number.)

Publication Date: Day: Month: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source.)

Location (Page numbers, if available): p. .

(If the article’s page numbers are not consecutive, only list the first page and a plus sign. Ex: 37+)

Was this accessed online?

(Your citation is complete. Check your work, and then click on Create Citation Below.)

(Ex: Academic Search Premier or ERIC or JSTOR or Opposing Viewpoints in Context)

Container 4 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Library Database): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): .

(If the article includes a digital object identifier, or DOI, use it instead of a URL. Add doi: to the beginning of the number. Ex: doi:10.1093/ageing/afp035. For URLs, do not include http://.)

(Ex: article from Journal of the American Medical Association, or JAMA, on www.jamanetwork.com)

(Ex: article in Time magazine on www.time.com)

(Ex: article in The New York Times newspaper on www.nyt.com)

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): .

(If the article includes a digital object identifier, or DOI, use it instead of a URL. Add doi: to the beginning of the number. Ex: doi:10.1093/ageing/afp035. For URLs, do not include http://.)

(Ex: article from the journal, Animal Nutrition, on www.sciencedirect.com)

(Ex: Time magazine article posted with permission on an organization's Web site)

(Ex: The New York Times newspaper article posted with permission on an organization's Web site)

Container 4 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Web Site): ,

Location (Web Address / URL or DOI): .

(If the article includes a digital object identifier, or DOI, use it instead of a URL. Add doi: to the beginning of the number. Ex: doi:10.1093/ageing/afp035. For URLs, do not include http://.)

Set Website

Is the image or artwork on the artist’s or creator’s own Web site?

(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly on www.dalechihuly.com)

(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly on www.museumofglassartwork.org)

I am citing a/an:

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Set Article title

Title of Source (Title of Article or Page): "."

Set entire title

Title of Source (Title of Web Site): ",

Set Authors

Author: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(List who is primarily responsible for writing the article or the content of the Web page. This is usually a person but may be a group or organization.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first author.)

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

Online Username/Pseudonym: .

(Include real name in parentheses, if known. Ex: @jmittel (Jason Mittel))

(Go to the next field.)

Set Publication Date

Publication Date:

Could you determine a date that the Web site was created, published, or updated?

Date: Day: Month: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2016 or Apr. 2016 or 2016)

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

(Record the timestamp, if there is one.)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Year: .

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Set Website

Title of Source (Title of Web Site): ",

Set Publisher

Publisher: , (How to credit publishers)

(Enter publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited. If the Web site title is essentially the same as the publisher’s name, leave Publisher blank.)If the blog title is essentially the same as the publisher’s name, leave Publisher blank.)

Set Website Publication Date

Publication Date:

Could you determine a date that the Web site was created, published, or updated?

Date: Day: Month: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2016 or Apr. 2016 or 2016)

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

(Record the timestamp, if there is one.)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Year: .

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Set another title

Title of Source (Title of Database): ",

Set website publication date

Publication Date:

Could you determine a date that the image was posted or added to the database?

Date: Day: Month: Year: .

(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2016 or Apr. 2016 or 2016)

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

(Record the timestamp, if there is one.)

Date Accessed: Day: Month: Year: .

Location (Web Address / URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

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Personal Interview

Only use this template to cite an interview that you conducted or experienced firsthand, including face-to-face, over the telephone, or using video chat. If you read or otherwise saw an interview, cite it using the template for the source that included the interview: book; magazine, newspaper, or journal article; audio or video recording; Web site.

Example – students interview an author, by video chat

Kinney, Jeff. Interview. Conducted by Mrs. Hernandez’s 6th grade class, 3 Oct. 2015.

Example – personal interview of the conductor of a local symphony, by telephone

Kalmar, Carlos. Interview. Conducted by Jane Smith, 24 Jan. 2016.

Example – personal interview of a school principal by two students, in person

Brown, Jennifer. Interview. Conducted by Maria Lopez and Ivan Petrov, 15 Sept. 2016.

Set Authors (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Author (Person Interviewed):

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first person.)

Title of Source (Title of Interview): Interview.

Set other contributors (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Other Contributors (Interviewer):

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: . et al.,

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first person.)

Publication Date (Date of the Interview): Day: Month: Year: .

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Live Performance, Lecture, or Event

Example – class lecture, attended in person, city already included in venue’s name

Lawson, James. "Gettysburg." AP U.S. History, 14 Jan. 2016, North Salem High School.

Example – lecture, with known series name, attended in person

Erdrich, Louise. "Louise Erdrich." Portland Arts & Lectures, Literary Arts, 20 Oct. 2016, Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, Portland.

Example – dance performance, attended in person

Diavolo. "Volo." 4 Oct. 2016, Collier Center for the Performing Arts, Medford.

Example – concert performance, attended in person

The Who. "Hits 50!" 17 May 2016, The Moda Center, Portland.

Set Authors

Author (Primary Performer or Speaker): (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(You decide who to feature based on how this event relates to your research. This is usually an author, composer, lecturer, or performer. If other, list their role after their name. Ex: Kalmar, Carlos, conductor.)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Special Role (if not author, composer, lecturer, or performer):

Set Title (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Source (Title of Performance, Lecture, or Event): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

(This may be a concert or lecture series, conference or convention, class or course, etc.)

Set other contributors

Other Contributors: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author/Primary Contributor field.)

Are there any other contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of illustrator would be listed as illustrated.)

Contributor's Role:

Version (if there is one): ,

(Ex: Matinee performance)

Publisher (or Sponsor): , (How to credit publishers)

(Organization primarily responsible for producing or sponsoring the event or making it available to the public; type publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited; omit publisher’s name if it is included in the title field above.) (Ex: Oregon Symphony; Ex: American Cancer Society)

Publication Date (Date of Live Event): Day: Month: Year: .

Set Location

Location:

Venue of Live Event: ,

City: .
(Only identify the city if it is not part of the venue’s name.)

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E-mail

Example – e-mail, title is subject line

Smith, Sandy. "Seattle Viaduct Alternatives." Received by Emily Chang, 17 Sept. 2015.

Soja, Julie. "Re: Hubble Space Telescope image enhancement techniques." Received by John Hernandez, 23 Jan. 2016.

Set Authors

Author (E-mail Sender): (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Source (Title of E-mail Subject Line): "."

Set Contributors (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Other Contributors (Original Recipient):

How many?

Received by

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: . et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

(Only list the first person.)

Publication Date (Date of E-mail): Day: Month: Year: .

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Social Media (Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, etc.)

Example – tweet from Twitter, pseudonym (unknown real name), title is entire tweet, with timestamp

@persiankiwi. "We have report of large street battles in east & west of Tehran now - #Iranelection." Twitter, 23 June 2009, 11:15 a.m., twitter.com/persiankiwi/status/2298106072.

Example – tweet from Twitter, pseudonym (real name added), title is entire tweet, no timestamp given

@Pontifex (Pope Francis). "Let us carry Mother Teresa’s smile in our hearts and give it to those whom we meet along our journey." Twitter, 4 Sept. 2016, twitter.com/Pontifex/status/772396413258903552.

Example – post from Facebook, pseudonym (real name added), title is excerpt, no timestamp given

@potus (President Obama). "…At Sherman's sentencing, even the judge couldn't believe he was bound by law to hand down a punishment that didn't fit the crime…" Facebook, 3 Aug. 2016, https://www.facebook.com/potus/posts/517526568437188.

Set Authors

Author (Person or Group Who Posted): (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(If the author is a group or goes by an online username, use the Last Name field and leave the other two fields blank. For an online username, if you know the author’s real name, include it in parentheses. Ex: @Pontifex (Pope Francis))

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Set Title (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Source (Title of Title, Description, or Text of the Post): "."

(When there is no title, enter the full text of a tweet. For longer untitled posts, enter the first several sentences. Enter text exactly as it appears in the post, including capitalization and spelling.)

Title of Source (Title of Social Media Site): ",

Set Publication Date

Publication Date (Date & Time of Post):

(Record the date as listed on your source, and include the time, if given.)

Publication Date: Day: Month: Year: .

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

Location (Web address or URL): .

(Do not include http://.)

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Other -- Sources Not Covered in Other Templates

Use this template to cite sources that are not already covered in MLA Citation Maker.

The MLA 8 citation guidelines are somewhat flexible. The goal is for you to think critically about each source and to apply a few rules and principles to produce a citation that is appropriate for your project. Two people could use the same source but have different citations, and both could be correct. It depends on several variables, including what aspect of the source is most relevant to the project and what format was used.

Use the most relevant fields of the basic template below to create a citation for your source. Refer to the MLA Handbook (8th ed.) and to the MLA Style Center’s "Works Cited: A Quick Guide," and "Ask the MLA" for additional guidance.

Set Authors

Author:(How to credit authors and other contributors)

(List the person or group primarily responsible for creating the source.)

How many?

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: ., et al.

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Corporation or Organization as Author: .

(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)

(Only list the first author.)

(Go to the next field.)

Set Title

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

I am citing a/an:

Title of Source (Title of Article): "."

Title of Source (Title of Book): ",

Set Contributors

Other Contributors: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author/Artist field.)

Are there any other contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Contributor's Role:

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of illustrator would be listed as illustrated.)

Version (or edition, if there is one): ,

Number (if there is one): ,

Publisher (or Sponsor): , (How to credit publishers)

(Organization primarily responsible for producing or sponsoring the source or making it available to the public; type publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited; omit publisher's name if it is included in the title field above)

Set Publication Date

Publication Date:

(Record the date as listed on your source, and include the time, if given.)

Date: Day: Month: Year: .

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

Location: .

(If you enter page numbers, precede one with p. and multiple with pp. If you enter a URL, omit the http://.)

Is your source found within another source, such as a magazine inside of a database or a video on a streaming service?

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Title of Container (Title of Source 2): ,

(Typically, this will be the title of a database or Web site. If that is the case, only fill in these two fields: Title of Container and Location. Otherwise, fill out applicable remaining fields.)

Set other contributors

Other Contributors: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author/Artist field.)

Are there any other contributors who are relevant to your project?

(Go to the next field.)

Remove contributor Click to add contributor

Last: , First: Middle or Initial: .

Contributor's Role:

(Enter one verb in the past tense to describe the contributor's role. For example, the role of illustrator would be listed as illustrated.)

Version (or edition, if there is one): ,

Number (if there is one): ,

Publisher (or Sponsor): , (How to credit publishers)

(Organization primarily responsible for producing or sponsoring the source or making it available to the public; type publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited; omit publisher's name if it is included in the title field above)

Set other publication date

Publication Date:

(Record the date as listed on your source, and include the time, if given.)

Date: Day: Month: Year: .

Publication Time: Hour: Minute: A.M./P.M.: ,

Location: .

(If you enter page numbers, precede one with p. and multiple with pp. If you enter a URL, omit the http://.)

Check your spelling and capitalization, and click on Create Citation Below.

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Source Type

Citation Resources

Selected Citation Type

Example – e-book, downloaded to a device

Example – book, 3 authors, edition

Example – poem in a book, 1 author

Example – article in an encyclopedia, library database, no author, 2 editors, no pages listed

Author:(How to credit authors and other contributors)

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Other Contributors:(How to credit authors and other contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Example – newspaper article, print, local (not national), city not already in newspaper’s name

Example – magazine article, Internet

Example – journal article, Internet, 3 authors, with DOI instead of URL

Example – journal article, library database, non-consecutive page numbers

Author:

Title:

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Example – entire Web site, author same as publisher

Example – page on a Web site, different author and publisher, Web site title same as publisher

Example – blog on a Web site; different author, Web site, and publisher

Author: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Publication Date:

Example – film, viewed on DVD (or on television or in a theater)

Example – film, viewed on Hulu

Example – episode of television program, viewed on publisher’s own Web site

Example – episode of video podcast series, viewed on YouTube, includes date of creation and date of upload

Author (Contributor):(How to credit authors and other contributors)

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Other Contributors: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Example – song on an album, listened to on artist’s own Web site, performer as author

Example – song on an album, listened to on Spotify

Example – album, listened to on a CD, composer as author, with featured artists

Example – speech, listened to on a Web site

Author (Primary Author or Artist): (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Title: (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Other Contributors: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Example – artifact, untitled (you provide a description), unknown creator, estimated date, viewed in a museum

Example – painting, titled, viewed in a museum

Example – painting, titled, viewed in a book, found in a library database

Example – painting, titled, viewed in a book, found on a Web site that is not the painter’s

Author (Artist/Creator, if known): (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Title:(How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Publication Date:

Location:

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Author:(How to credit authors and other contributors)

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2

Title:

Author:(How to credit authors and other contributors)

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 4 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 4 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Author: (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Publication Date:

Container 3 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Publication Date:

Container 2 (How to capitalize and punctuate titles)

Publication Date:

Example – students interview an author, by video chat

Example – personal interview of the conductor of a local symphony, by telephone

Example – personal interview of a school principal by two students, in person

Author (Person Interviewed):

Other Contributors (Interviewer):

Example – class lecture, attended in person, city already included in venue’s name

Example – lecture, with known series name, attended in person

Example – dance performance, attended in person

Example – concert performance, attended in person

Author (Primary Performer or Speaker): (How to credit authors and other contributors)

Other Contributors: (How to credit authors and other contributors)